Imiterere shingiro nihame ryakazi rya kamera module

Imiterere yibanze ya kamera module

I. Imiterere ya kamera nihame ryakazi

Amashusho yafotowe binyuze mumurongo, ishusho ya optique yakozwe yerekanwe kuri sensor, hanyuma ishusho ya optique ihindurwamo ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi, bihinduka mubimenyetso bya digitale binyuze muburyo bwa analog-to-digitale.Ikimenyetso cya digitale gitunganywa na DSP hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri mudasobwa kugirango itunganyirizwe, amaherezo igahinduka ishusho ishobora kugaragara kuri ecran ya terefone.

Imikorere yo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale (DSP) chip: hindura ibipimo byerekana ibimenyetso bya digitale ukoresheje urukurikirane rwimibare igoye ya algorithms, hanyuma wohereze ibimenyetso byatunganijwe kuri PC nibindi bikoresho ukoresheje USB nibindi bice.Imiterere ya DSP:
1 、 ISP (gutunganya ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho)
1. ISP (gutunganya ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho)
2 od Kodegisi ya JPEG
2. Kodegisi ya JPEG
3 control USB igenzura ibikoresho
3. Umugenzuzi wibikoresho bya USB

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa kamera zisanzwe,

Imwe ni CCD （Chagre Couled Device） sensor, ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho bifatanye.
Ibindi ni CMOS lement Yuzuza Metal-Oxide Semiconductor） sensor, ni ukuvuga icyuma cyuzuza icyuma cya oxyde.
Ibyiza bya CCD biri muburyo bwiza bwo gufata amashusho, ariko inzira yo gukora iragoye, igiciro ni kinini, kandi gukoresha ingufu ni byinshi.Ku cyemezo kimwe, CMOS ihendutse kuruta CCD, ariko ubwiza bwibishusho buri munsi ya CCD.Ugereranije na CCD, sensor ya CMOS ishusho ikoresha ingufu nke.Mubyongeyeho, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji, ubwiza bwibishusho bya CMOS nabwo bwakomeje kunozwa.Kubwibyo, kamera ya terefone igendanwa kurubu yose ikoresha sensor ya CMOS.

Imiterere yoroshye ya kamera ya terefone igendanwa
Lens: kusanya urumuri hanyuma ushushanye ibibera hejuru yububiko bwerekana amashusho.
Igikoresho cyerekana amashusho: uburyo bwo gufata amashusho, buhindura ishusho (ikimenyetso cyumucyo) giteganijwe na lens hejuru hejuru mukimenyetso cyamashanyarazi.
Moteri: itwara urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho, kugirango lens itegure ishusho isobanutse hejuru yuburyo bwerekana amashusho.
Akayunguruzo k'amabara: Amaso abonwa nijisho ryumuntu ari mumurongo ugaragara, kandi sensor ishusho irashobora kumenya urumuri kuruta ijisho ryumuntu.Kubwibyo, ibara ryungurura ryongeweho kugirango ryungurure urumuri rurenze, kugirango sensor ishusho ibashe gufata amashusho nyayo abonwa namaso.
Chip ya moteri: ikoreshwa mugucunga moteri ya moteri no gutwara lens kugirango ugere kuri autofocus.
Inzira yumuzingi substrate: Kohereza ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi ya sensor sensor kumpera yinyuma.
II.Ibipimo bifitanye isano nizina
1. Imiterere y'amashusho rusange
1.1 Imiterere ya RGB:
Imiterere gakondo itukura, icyatsi nubururu, nka RGB565 na RGB888;imiterere ya 16-biti ni 5-bit R + 6-bit G + 5-bit B. G ifite ikindi kimwe kuko amaso yabantu yunvikana nicyatsi.
1.2 Imiterere ya YUV:
Imiterere ya Luma (Y) + chroma (UV).YUV bivuga imiterere ya pigiseli aho ibipimo bya luminance hamwe na chrominance ibipimo bitandukanye.Ibyiza byo gutandukana nuko itirinda kwivanga gusa, ahubwo igabanya igipimo cya chroma nticyagize ingaruka kumiterere yishusho cyane.YUV ni ijambo rusange.Kuburyo bwihariye, irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bwinshi bwihariye.
Chroma (UV) isobanura ibintu bibiri byamabara: hue no kwiyuzuzamo, bigereranywa na CB na CR.Muri byo, Cr yerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yigice gitukura cya signal ya RGB nigiciro cyumucyo cyikimenyetso cya RGB, mugihe Cb yerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yubururu bwikimenyetso cya RGB nigiciro cyumucyo cyikimenyetso cya RGB.
Imiterere nyamukuru y'icyitegererezo ni YCbCr 4: 2: 0, YCbCr 4: 2: 2, YCbCr 4: 1: 1 na YCbCr 4: 4: 4.
1.3 Imiterere yamakuru ya RAW:
Ishusho ya RAW namakuru yibanze ko sensor ya CMOS cyangwa CCD ihindura ibimenyetso byafashwe numucyo mubimenyetso bya digitale.Idosiye ya RAW ni dosiye yandika amakuru yumwimerere ya sensor ya kamera ya digitale hamwe na metadata zimwe (nka igenamiterere rya ISO, umuvuduko wihuta, agaciro ka aperture, impirimbanyi yera, nibindi) byakozwe na kamera.RAW ni imiterere idatunganijwe kandi idacometse kandi irashobora gusobanurwa nk "ishusho mbisi yerekana amakuru" cyangwa cyane ikitwa "digital negative".Buri pigiseli ya sensor ihuye nibara ryungurura, kandi muyunguruzi bigabanywa ukurikije igishushanyo cya Bayer.Amakuru ya buri pigiseli asohoka mu buryo butaziguye, aribyo RAW RGB
Amakuru yuzuye (Raw RGB) ahinduka RGB nyuma yo guhuza interpolation.

Imiterere ya RAW ishusho yintangarugero
2. Ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye
2.1 Gukemura amashusho:
SXGA (1280 x1024), megapixels 1,3
XGA (1024 x768), megapixels 0.8
SVGA (800 x600), megapixels 0.5
VGA (640x480), megapixels 0.3 (megapixels 0.35 bivuga 648X488)
CIF (352x288), megapixels 0.1
SIF / QVGA (320x240)
QCIF (176x144)
QSIF / QQVGA (160x120)
2.2 Ubujyakuzimu bw'amabara (umubare w'amabara y'ibara):
256 ibara ryijimye, ubwoko 256 bwimyenda (harimo umukara numweru).
Ibara 15 cyangwa 16-bit (ibara rirerire): amabara 65.536.
Ibara rya 24-bit (ibara ryukuri): Buri bara ryibanze rifite urwego 256, kandi guhuza kwabo bifite amabara 256 * 256 * 256.
Ibara rya 32-bit: Usibye ibara rya 24-bit, inyongera 8 zikoreshwa mukubika amakuru ashushanyije yumurongo wuzuye (umuyoboro wa alfa).
2.3 Gukoresha optique no guhinduranya imibare:
Gukoresha optique: Kwegera / hanze yikintu ushaka kurasa muguhindura lens.Igumana pigiseli hamwe nubuziranenge bwibishusho ahanini bidahindutse, ariko urashobora gufata ishusho nziza.Gukoresha Digital: Nta zoom mubyukuri.Ifata gusa kumashusho yumwimerere no gukuza. Ibyo ubona kuri ecran ya LCD ni binini, ariko ubwiza bwamashusho ntabwo bwateye imbere cyane, kandi pigiseli iri munsi ya pigiseli ntarengwa kamera yawe ishobora kurasa.Ubwiza bwamashusho mubusanzwe ntibukwiye, ariko burashobora gutanga ibyoroshye.
2.4 Uburyo bwo guhagarika amashusho:
JPEG / M-JPEG
H.261 / H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Urusaku rw'ishusho:
Yerekeza ku rusaku no kwivanga mu ishusho kandi bigaragara nk'urusaku rw'amabara ruhamye mu ishusho.
2.6 Imodoka yera iringaniye:
Muri make: kugarura ibintu byera na kamera.Ibisobanuro bifitanye isano: ubushyuhe bwamabara.
2.7 Kureba inguni:
Ifite ihame rimwe nogushushanya ijisho ryumuntu, bizwi kandi nkurwego rwo gufata amashusho.
2.8 Kwibanda ku modoka:
Autofocus irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: imwe iringaniza autofocus ishingiye ku ntera iri hagati yinzira nisomo, naho ubundi ni fonction detection autofocus ishingiye kumashusho asobanutse kuri ecran yibanda (algorithm ityaye).
Icyitonderwa: Kuzamura ni ukuzana ibintu bya kure hafi.Icyibandwaho ni ugusobanura neza ishusho.
2.9 Imodoka yerekanwe na Gamma:
Ni ihuriro rya aperture na shutter.Aperture, umuvuduko wihuta, ISO.Gamma nigisubizo cyo gusubiza amaso yumuntu kumurika.
III.Ubundi buryo bwa kamera